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Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) is an alkylating agent used as an immunosuppressant and chemotherapy treatment. The medication inhibits immune system activity and slows or stops the growth of cancer cells. Cytoxan is usually, but not always, used in combination with other medications.
In hospital settings Cytoxan is usually delivered via IV or injection; at home the medication is often administered via tablets, which are typically taken once per day. Duration of treatment will vary considerably depending on the condition and patient response. In general Cytoxan is used to quickly gain control of the condition; as soon as this is accomplished it will be replaced with milder medications less likely to produce serious side effects.
Uses of Cytoxan
A course of treatment with this medication is too variable to generalize. It is almost always prescribed to treat a major medical condition; as such other medications are likely being taken, which will influence dosage, as well as individual variables such as age, weight, and so forth will need to be taken into consideration.
For the duration of treatment regular check-ups will be necessary to ensure the medication is working and to monitor for potential developing complications. This is a critical aspect of treatment that should not be brushed off.
Cytoxan is effective at inhibiting a variety of cancers, including:
Outside of cancer, Cytoxan is used to:
Tablets are typically taken once per day, ideally at the same time each day. If a dose is missed by more than a few hours, seek advice from a doctor. Hydration is important during treatment, and patients are advised to empty the bladder often; do not delay urination.
Side Effects & Self-Care
Like all chemotherapy treatments Cytoxan can produce serious side effects; unfortunately most patients will experience some of them. This is because of the way the medication works; chemotherapy both kills cells and interferes with cells' ability to divide and create more cells. While this has obvious benefits with respect to halting the spread of cancer cells, the medication is unable to distinguish between cancer cells and normal, healthy cells. The faster a type of cell divides the more it will be affected by chemotherapy. In the human body, the most rapidly-dividing cells are found in the hair follicles, the mouth, the stomach and bowels, and blood cells. Thus commonly-experienced side effects include:
Additionally, because Cytoxan does suppress immune system activity, there is a significantly greater risk of infection during treatment.
Not everyone will experience all these side effects, and even if they are experienced they may not be severe. If they are severe---for example, nausea so severe that the patient is unable to eat, vomiting so frequently that food or medications cannot be kept down, or diarrhea so severe that dehydration is a concern---medical attention should be sought right away.
In most cases additional medications can be taken to alleviate side effects; for instance there are treatments that can greatly reduce or eliminate nausea and vomiting. Check with a doctor for recommendations.
To maximize treatment, minimize side effects, and promote rapid recovery there are some simple things patients can do:
After treatment stops, normal, healthy cell growth will resume and any side effects experienced will reverse; for example, lost hair will regrow and darkened skin will gradually lighten.
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Medicines have benefits and some have risks. Always read the label and use only as directed. If symptoms persist or you have side effects see your health professional.